Classes and methods

In this video object-oriented programming concepts are explored, specifically focusing on creating classes to define new types and methods to perform actions on those types. A class is a template for creating objects, with its name conventionally capitalized in camel case. Methods are functions that belong to a class, with the first parameter being "self" which represents the object itself. Methods can be used to access attributes of an object, following a naming convention called snake case. The constructor method, denoted by "__init__", is called implicitly when creating a new object and is used to initialize its attributes. The video provides examples of class definitions, method declarations, and instance variables, which are attributes of the class accessed using the "self" parameter. It also explains the difference between parameters, local variables, and instance variables in methods.